2020, Vol. 3, Issue 1, Part C

Background and objectives: In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), antimicrobials are the most frequently prescribed drugs, often initiated for managing suspected sepsis. However, empirical antibiotic use remains prevalent, even in neonates not exhibiting overt signs of infection. While developed countries have largely transitioned to evidence-based prescribing, many developing regions still rely on empirical treatment, often influenced by financial limitations. The study aims to examine antimicrobial usage patterns in neonates admitted to the NICU.

Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected for neonates who received antibiotics during hospitalization.

Results: Out of 110 neonates admitted, 82 (74.5%) were treated with antimicrobials. Of these, 52.4% were term and 47.6% were preterm. The most frequently used antibiotics were Amikacin (92.7%), Cefotaxime (67.1%), and Ampicillin (31.7%). A change in antimicrobial regimen was necessary for 53.7% of neonates, predominantly due to culture sensitivity reports.

Conclusion: A large proportion of NICU admissions involved antibiotic administration, especially among preterm neonates. Resistance to first-line antibiotics necessitated exposure to multiple drug regimens.